Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm US Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory muaj keeb kwm ntev ntawm kev tshawb pom ntawm cov roj teeb lithium-ion. Ntau qhov txiaj ntsig no yog rau lub roj teeb cathode, hu ua NMC, nickel manganese thiab cobalt oxide. Lub roj teeb nrog lub cathode tam sim no siv lub Chevrolet Bolt.
Cov kws tshawb fawb Argonne tau ua tiav lwm qhov kev ua tiav hauv NMC cathodes. Pab pawg tshiab me me cathode particle qauv tuaj yeem ua rau lub roj teeb ruaj khov thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb dua, muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ntawm cov hluav taws xob siab heev thiab muab kev mus ncig ntev dua.
"Tam sim no peb muaj kev taw qhia tias cov tuam txhab roj teeb tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv siab, tsis muaj ciam teb cathode," Khalil Amin, Argonne Fellow Emeritus.
"NMC cathodes uas twb muaj lawm tam sim no muaj teeb meem loj rau kev ua haujlwm siab," said assistant chemist Guiliang Xu. Nrog rau kev them nqi-kev caij tsheb kauj vab, kev ua haujlwm poob sai vim qhov tsim ntawm cov kab nrib pleb hauv cathode hais. Tau ntau xyoo lawm, cov kws tshawb fawb roj teeb tau nrhiav txoj hauv kev los kho cov kab nrib pleb no.
Ib txoj hauv kev yav dhau los siv cov khoom me me kheej kheej uas muaj ntau yam me me. Cov thooj loj loj yog polycrystalline, nrog crystalline domains ntawm ntau yam kev taw qhia. Yog li ntawd, lawv muaj cov kws tshawb fawb hu ua grain ciam nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub roj teeb tawg thaum lub voj voog. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov no, Xu thiab Argonne cov npoj yaig yav dhau los tau tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv polymer nyob ib puag ncig txhua qhov. Cov txheej no nyob ib puag ncig cov khoom loj kheej kheej thiab cov khoom me me hauv lawv.
Lwm txoj hauv kev kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tawg no yog siv cov khoom siv lead ua ib leeg. Electron microscopy ntawm cov khoom no tau pom tias lawv tsis muaj ciam teb.
Qhov teeb meem rau pab pawg yog tias cathodes ua los ntawm coated polycrystals thiab ib qho crystals tseem tawg thaum caij tsheb kauj vab. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau tshawb xyuas ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cathode ntawm Advanced Photon Source (APS) thiab Center for Nanomaterials (CNM) ntawm US Department of Energy's Argonne Science Center.
Ntau yam x-ray tsom xam tau ua tiav ntawm tsib APS caj npab (11-BM, 20-BM, 2-ID-D, 11-ID-C thiab 34-ID-E). Nws hloov tawm tias cov kws tshawb fawb xav li cas yog ib qho siv lead ua, raws li qhia los ntawm electron thiab X-ray microscopy, tiag tiag muaj ciam teb sab hauv. Scanning thiab kis electron microscopy ntawm CNMs tau lees paub qhov kev txiav txim siab no.
"Thaum peb saib ntawm qhov chaw morphology ntawm cov khoom no, lawv zoo li ib lub pob zeb," said physicist Wenjun Liu. â�<“但是，当我们在APS 使用一种称为同步加速器X 射线衍射显微镜的技种称为同步加速器X 射线衍射显微镜的技皯和其他nyob rau hauv qhov chaw." â� <“但是 ， 当在 使用 使用 种 称为 同步 加速器 x 射线 显微镜 的 我用用 我笑他和和界 隐藏 在 。”"Txawm li cas los xij, thaum peb siv cov txheej txheem hu ua synchrotron X-ray diffraction microscopy thiab lwm yam txheej txheem ntawm APS, peb pom tias thaj tsam tau muab zais rau hauv."
Qhov tseem ceeb, pab neeg no tau tsim ib txoj hauv kev los tsim ib qho crystals tsis muaj ciam teb. Kev ntsuam xyuas cov hlwb me nrog qhov no ib leeg-crystal cathode ntawm high voltages pom qhov nce 25% ntawm lub zog cia rau ib chav tsev ntim nrog zoo tsis muaj kev poob hauv kev ua tau zoo tshaj 100 lub voj voog. Hauv qhov sib piv, NMC cathodes tsim los ntawm ntau qhov sib cuam tshuam ib leeg siv lead ua lossis coated polycrystals pom tias muaj peev xwm poob ntawm 60% mus rau 88% ntawm tib lub neej.
Atomic scale xam qhia lub mechanism ntawm cathode capacitance txo. Raws li Maria Chang, tus kws tshawb fawb nanoscientist ntawm CNM, ciam teb feem ntau yuav plam oxygen atoms thaum lub roj teeb raug them dua li thaj chaw deb ntawm lawv. Qhov kev poob ntawm cov pa oxygen no ua rau degradation ntawm lub voj voog ntawm tes.
Chan tau hais tias "Peb cov kev suav suav qhia tias ciam teb tuaj yeem ua rau oxygen raug tso tawm ntawm qhov siab, uas tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis kev ua haujlwm," Chan hais.
Tshem tawm ntawm ciam teb tiv thaiv cov pa oxygen evolution, yog li txhim kho kev nyab xeeb thiab cyclic stability ntawm cathode. Oxygen evolution ntsuas nrog APS thiab lub teeb pom kev zoo ntawm US Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory lees paub qhov kev txiav txim siab no.
"Tam sim no peb muaj cov lus qhia uas cov tuam txhab roj teeb tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv cathode uas tsis muaj ciam teb thiab ua haujlwm ntawm kev kub siab," said Khalil Amin, Argonne Fellow Emeritus. â�<“该指南应适用于NMC 以外的其他正极材料.” â�<“该指南应适用于NMC 以外的其他正极材料.”"Cov lus qhia yuav tsum siv rau cov khoom siv cathode uas tsis yog NMC."
Ib tsab xov xwm hais txog qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau tshwm sim hauv phau ntawv Journal Nature Energy. Ntxiv rau Xu, Amin, Liu thiab Chang, cov kws sau ntawv Argonne yog Xiang Liu, Venkata Surya Chaitanya Kolluru, Chen Zhao, Xinwei Zhou, Yuzi Liu, Liang Ying, Amin Daali, Yang Ren, Wenqian Xu, Junjing Deng, Inhui Hwang, Chengjun Sun, Tao Zhou, Ming Du, thiab Zonghai Chen. Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Wanli Yang, Qingtian Li, thiab Zengqing Zhuo), Xiamen University (Jing-Jing Fan, Ling Huang thiab Shi-Gang Sun) thiab Tsinghua University (Dongsheng Ren, Xuning Feng thiab Mingao Ouyang).
Txog Argonne Center rau Nanomaterials Lub Chaw rau Nanomaterials, yog ib qho ntawm tsib US Department of Energy nanotechnology tshawb fawb chaw, yog lub teb chaws tus neeg siv lub koom haum tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib raug zoo nanoscale txhawb los ntawm US Department of Energy's Office of Science. Ua ke, NSRCs tsim cov chav sib txuas ntxiv uas muab cov kws tshawb fawb nrog lub xeev-of-the-art muaj peev xwm rau fabricating, ua, characterizing, thiab modeling nanoscale cov ntaub ntawv thiab sawv cev rau cov loj infrastructure peev nyob rau hauv lub National Nanotechnology Initiative. NSRC nyob ntawm US Department of Energy National Laboratories hauv Argonne, Brookhaven, Lawrence Berkeley, Oak Ridge, Sandia, thiab Los Alamos. Yog xav paub ntxiv txog NSRC DOE, mus saib https://science.osti​.gov/​Us​er​-​F​a​c​i​lit​ ie​s​/​Us er-F​a​c​il it​ie​s-at-a​Glance.
US Department of Energy's Advanced Photon Source (APS) ntawm Argonne National Laboratory yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. APS muab kev siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob ntau rau ntau lub zej zog kev tshawb fawb hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, chemistry, condensed matter physics, life and environmental sciences, thiab siv kev tshawb fawb. Cov X-rays no zoo tagnrho rau kev kawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov khoom siv roj ntsha, kev faib khoom, tshuaj lom neeg, hlau nplaum thiab hluav taws xob, thiab cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm txhua yam, los ntawm cov roj teeb mus rau roj injector nozzles, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau peb lub teb chaws kev lag luam, thev naus laus zis. . thiab lub cev Lub hauv paus ntawm kev noj qab haus huv. Txhua xyoo, ntau tshaj 5,000 tus kws tshawb fawb siv APS los tshaj tawm ntau dua 2,000 cov ntawv tshaj tawm qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb pom thiab daws cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm cov protein ntau dua li cov neeg siv ntawm lwm qhov chaw tshawb fawb X-ray. APS cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws tshaj lij tau siv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab uas yog lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov accelerators thiab lub teeb ci. Qhov no suav nrog cov khoom siv nkag uas tsim cov X-rays ci ntsa iab uas tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, lo ntsiab muag uas tsom X-rays mus rau ob peb nanometers, cov cuab yeej uas ua kom txoj kev X-ray cuam tshuam nrog cov qauv hauv qab no, thiab kev sau thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm APS nrhiav pom. Kev tshawb fawb tsim cov ntaub ntawv loj loj.
Txoj kev tshawb no tau siv cov peev txheej los ntawm Advanced Photon Source, US Department of Energy Office of Science User Center ua haujlwm los ntawm Argonne National Laboratory rau US Department of Energy Office of Science raws li daim ntawv cog lus DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Argonne National Laboratory siv zog los daws cov teeb meem nyuaj ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis hauv tsev. Raws li thawj lub teb chaws kuaj hauv Tebchaws Meskas, Argonne ua cov txheej txheem txiav thiab siv kev tshawb fawb hauv txhua qhov kev qhuab qhia kev tshawb fawb. Cov kws tshawb fawb Argonne ua haujlwm ze nrog cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm ntau pua lub tuam txhab, tsev kawm qib siab, thiab tsoomfwv, lub xeev, thiab cov chaw haujlwm hauv nroog los pab lawv daws cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb, nce qib US kev coj noj coj ua, thiab npaj lub tebchaws rau yav tom ntej zoo dua. Argonne ntiav cov neeg ua haujlwm los ntawm ntau tshaj 60 lub teb chaws thiab ua haujlwm los ntawm UChicago Argonne, LLC ntawm US Department of Energy's Office of Science.
Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg yog lub teb chaws tus neeg txhawb nqa loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv lub cev, ua haujlwm los daws qee qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub sijhawm. Yog xav paub ntxiv, mus saib hauv https://energy.gov/scienceience.