Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm US Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory muaj keeb kwm ntev ntawm kev tshawb pom thawj zaug hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov roj teeb lithium-ion. Ntau ntawm cov txiaj ntsig no yog rau lub roj teeb cathode, hu ua NMC, nickel manganese thiab cobalt oxide. Lub roj teeb nrog cathode no tam sim no muab zog rau Chevrolet Bolt.
Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Argonne tau ua tiav lwm qhov kev tshawb pom hauv NMC cathodes. Pab neeg cov qauv me me cathode tshiab tuaj yeem ua rau lub roj teeb ruaj khov dua thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb dua, muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ntawm qhov hluav taws xob siab heev thiab muab kev mus ncig ntev dua.
"Tam sim no peb muaj cov lus qhia uas cov chaw tsim roj teeb tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv cathode siab, tsis muaj ciam teb," Khalil Amin, Argonne Fellow Emeritus.
"Cov cathodes NMC uas twb muaj lawm ua rau muaj teeb meem loj rau kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob siab," tus kws pab tshuaj Guiliang Xu hais. Nrog rau kev them-tso tawm, kev ua haujlwm poob qis sai vim yog kev tsim cov kab nrib pleb hauv cov cathode me me. Tau ntau xyoo, cov kws tshawb fawb roj teeb tau nrhiav txoj hauv kev los kho cov kab nrib pleb no.
Muaj ib txoj kev siv yav dhau los siv cov khoom me me uas muaj ntau yam khoom me me. Cov khoom loj yog polycrystalline, nrog rau cov crystalline domains ntawm ntau qhov kev taw qhia. Yog li ntawd, lawv muaj qhov uas cov kws tshawb fawb hu ua cov ciam teb ntawm cov khoom me me, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub roj teeb tawg thaum lub voj voog. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov no, Xu thiab Argonne cov npoj yaig tau tsim ib txheej polymer tiv thaiv ib puag ncig txhua yam khoom me me. Cov txheej no nyob ib puag ncig cov khoom loj thiab cov khoom me me hauv lawv.
Lwm txoj hauv kev kom tsis txhob muaj hom kev tawg no yog siv cov khoom siv lead ua ib leeg. Kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom no qhia tau tias lawv tsis muaj ciam teb.
Qhov teeb meem rau pab neeg yog tias cov cathodes ua los ntawm cov polycrystals coated thiab cov single crystals tseem tawg thaum lub sijhawm cycling. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau ua kev tshuaj xyuas ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cathode no ntawm Advanced Photon Source (APS) thiab Center for Nanomaterials (CNM) ntawm US Department of Energy's Argonne Science Center.
Muaj ntau yam kev tshuaj xyuas x-ray ntawm tsib caj npab APS (11-BM, 20-BM, 2-ID-D, 11-ID-C thiab 34-ID-E). Nws hloov tawm tias qhov uas cov kws tshawb fawb xav tias yog ib lub siv lead ua ke, raws li pom los ntawm electron thiab X-ray microscopy, qhov tseeb muaj ciam teb sab hauv. Kev luam theej duab thiab xa electron microscopy ntawm CNMs tau lees paub qhov xaus no.
"Thaum peb saib cov qauv ntawm cov khoom me me no, lawv zoo li cov siv lead ua ib leeg," tus kws tshawb fawb Wenjun Liu hais. â�<“但是，当我们在APS 使用一种称为同步加速器X射线衍射显微镜的技术和其他技术时，我们发现边界隐藏在内部。” â� <“但是 ， 当 在 使用 使用 种 称为 同步 加速器 x 射线 显微镜 的 我笑 我 笑 和 和边界 隐藏 nyob rau hauv. ""Txawm li cas los xij, thaum peb siv ib txoj kev hu ua synchrotron X-ray diffraction microscopy thiab lwm yam kev siv ntawm APS, peb pom tias cov ciam teb tau zais rau sab hauv."
Qhov tseem ceeb, pab neeg tau tsim ib txoj kev los tsim cov siv lead ua ib leeg tsis muaj ciam teb. Kev sim cov hlwb me me nrog cov cathode ib leeg no ntawm cov hluav taws xob siab heev tau qhia txog kev nce 25% ntawm kev khaws cia lub zog ib chav nrog tsis muaj kev poob hauv kev ua tau zoo dhau 100 lub voj voog sim. Qhov sib piv, NMC cathodes uas muaj ntau lub interface ib leeg lossis cov polycrystals coated tau qhia txog kev poob peev xwm ntawm 60% txog 88% dhau tib lub neej.
Kev suav lej ntawm cov atomic scale qhia txog txoj kev txo qis cathode capacitance. Raws li Maria Chang, tus kws tshawb fawb nanoscientist ntawm CNM, cov ciam teb yuav poob cov pa oxygen thaum lub roj teeb raug them ntau dua li thaj chaw deb ntawm lawv. Qhov kev poob oxygen no ua rau lub voj voog cell puas tsuaj.
"Peb cov kev xam pom qhia tau tias ciam teb tuaj yeem ua rau cov pa oxygen raug tso tawm ntawm qhov siab, uas tuaj yeem ua rau kev ua haujlwm txo qis," Chan hais.
Kev tshem tawm ciam teb tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pa oxygen, yog li txhim kho kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cathode. Kev ntsuas kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pa oxygen nrog APS thiab lub teeb pom kev zoo ntawm US Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory lees paub qhov kev xaus no.
"Tam sim no peb muaj cov lus qhia uas cov chaw tsim roj teeb tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv cathode uas tsis muaj ciam teb thiab ua haujlwm ntawm qhov siab siab," Khalil Amin, Argonne Fellow Emeritus hais. â�<“该指南应适用于NMC 以外的其他正极材料.” â�<“该指南应适用于NMC 以外的其他正极材料.”Cov lus qhia yuav tsum siv rau cov ntaub ntawv cathode uas tsis yog NMC.
Ib tsab xov xwm hais txog qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau tshwm sim hauv phau ntawv Journal Nature Energy. Ntxiv nrog rau Xu, Amin, Liu thiab Chang, Argonne cov kws sau ntawv yog Xiang Liu, Venkata Surya Chaitanya Kolluru, Chen Zhao, Xinwei Zhou, Yuzi Liu, Liang Ying, Amin Daali, Yang Ren, Wenqian Xu, Junjing Deng, Inhui Hwang, Chengjun Sun, Chen, thiab Tao. Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Wanli Yang, Qingtian Li, thiab Zengqing Zhuo), Xiamen University (Jing-Jing Fan, Ling Huang thiab Shi-Gang Sun) thiab Tsinghua University (Dongsheng Ren, Xuning Feng thiab Mingao Ouyang).
Txog Argonne Center for Nanomaterials Lub Center for Nanomaterials, yog ib qho ntawm tsib lub chaw tshawb fawb nanotechnology ntawm US Department of Energy, yog lub koom haum siv hauv tebchaws rau kev tshawb fawb txog nanoscale uas tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm US Department of Energy's Office of Science. Ua ke, NSRCs tsim cov chaw sib koom ua ke uas muab cov kws tshawb fawb nrog cov peev xwm zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim, ua tiav, piav qhia, thiab ua qauv rau cov ntaub ntawv nanoscale thiab sawv cev rau kev nqis peev hauv paus loj tshaj plaws hauv National Nanotechnology Initiative. NSRC nyob ntawm US Department of Energy National Laboratories hauv Argonne, Brookhaven, Lawrence Berkeley, Oak Ridge, Sandia, thiab Los Alamos. Yog xav paub ntxiv txog NSRC DOE, mus saib https://science.osti.gov/Us er-Fa c i lit ie s / Us er-Fa c i l it ie s-at-a Glance.
Lub Chaw Saib Xyuas Zog ntawm Tebchaws Meskas Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Zog (US Department of Energy's Advanced Photon Source - APS) ntawm Argonne National Laboratory yog ib qho ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom siv X-ray zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. APS muab cov duab X-ray siab rau ntau haiv neeg tshawb fawb hauv kev tshawb fawb txog cov ntaub ntawv, chemistry, condensed matter physics, lub neej thiab kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig, thiab kev tshawb fawb siv. Cov duab X-ray no zoo tagnrho rau kev kawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov qauv biological, kev faib tawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus, tshuaj lom neeg, magnetic thiab electronic xeev, thiab cov txheej txheem engineering tseem ceeb ntawm txhua yam, los ntawm roj teeb mus rau roj injector nozzles, uas tseem ceeb rau peb lub tebchaws kev lag luam, technology. thiab lub cev Lub hauv paus ntawm kev noj qab haus huv. Txhua xyoo, ntau dua 5,000 tus kws tshawb fawb siv APS los tshaj tawm ntau dua 2,000 phau ntawv qhia txog cov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb thiab daws cov qauv protein biological tseem ceeb dua li cov neeg siv ntawm lwm lub chaw tshawb fawb X-ray. Cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov engineers ntawm APS tab tom siv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab uas yog lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov accelerators thiab cov teeb pom kev zoo. Qhov no suav nrog cov khoom siv nkag uas tsim cov duab X-ray ci ntsa iab heev uas cov kws tshawb fawb nyiam, cov iav uas tsom cov duab X-ray mus rau ob peb nanometers, cov cuab yeej uas ua kom cov duab X-ray sib cuam tshuam nrog cov qauv uas tab tom kawm zoo tshaj plaws, thiab kev sau thiab tswj cov kev tshawb pom APS. Kev tshawb fawb tsim cov ntaub ntawv loj heev.
Txoj kev tshawb fawb no tau siv cov peev txheej los ntawm Advanced Photon Source, lub Chaw Siv Khoom Siv Hauv Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Zog ntawm Tebchaws Meskas uas ua haujlwm los ntawm Argonne National Laboratory rau Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Zog ntawm Tebchaws Meskas raws li daim ntawv cog lus tus lej DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Lub Chaw Kuaj Mob Hauv Tebchaws Argonne siv zog los daws cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis hauv tebchaws. Ua lub chaw kuaj mob hauv tebchaws thawj zaug hauv Tebchaws Meskas, Argonne ua cov kev tshawb fawb yooj yim thiab siv tau zoo hauv txhua qhov kev qhuab qhia txog kev tshawb fawb. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Argonne ua haujlwm nrog cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm ntau pua lub tuam txhab, tsev kawm qib siab, thiab cov koom haum hauv tsoomfwv, xeev, thiab nroog los pab lawv daws cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb, txhawb nqa kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv Tebchaws Meskas, thiab npaj lub tebchaws rau yav tom ntej zoo dua. Argonne ntiav cov neeg ua haujlwm los ntawm ntau dua 60 lub tebchaws thiab ua haujlwm los ntawm UChicago Argonne, LLC ntawm US Department of Energy's Office of Science.
Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Zog ntawm Tebchaws Meskas yog lub tebchaws uas txhawb nqa kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb txog lub cev, ua haujlwm los daws qee qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub sijhawm. Yog xav paub ntxiv, mus saib https://energy.gov/scienceience.