Alloy yog sib xyaw ntawm ob lossis ntau cov tshuaj lom neeg (tsawg kawg ib qho ntawm cov hlau) nrog cov khoom hlau) nrog cov khoom siv hlau. Nws feem ntau tau los ntawm fooj rau txhua feem rau hauv cov kua ntoo sib xyaw thiab tom qab ntawd condensing nws.
Alloys tuaj yeem muaj tsawg kawg yog peb hom hauv qab no: ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke hauv qab, muaj ntau yam sib xyaw ntawm ntau theem hlau, lossis ib qho kev sib txuas lus sib xyaw ntawm cov hlau. Lub microstructure ntawm alloys hauv cov khoom siv tau muaj ib theem, thiab qee cov aliass hauv kev daws muaj ob lossis ntau ntu. Kev faib tawm tuaj yeem sib xws los yog tsis yog, nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas kub hloov thaum lub sijhawm txias ntawm cov khoom siv. Intermetallic tebchaw feem ntau muaj ib qho alloy lossis hlau ntshiab puag ncig los ntawm lwm cov hlau ntshiab.
Alloys tau siv nyob rau hauv qee cov ntawv thov vim tias lawv muaj qee yam khoom uas zoo dua li cov khoom ntshiab hlau. Piv txwv ntawm cov alloys suav nrog hlau, cam muaj xws li steel, cam muaj cov hlau, tsoo, tooj dag, pas dej, phosphor tooj daj, amalgam, thiab zoo li.
Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov alloy feem ntau tau xam los ntawm huab hwm coj sib piv. Alloys tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov alloys lossis ntau dua ib theem), thiab tuaj yeem sib cais ntxiv rau hauv homogeneous (tsuas yog ib ntu) thiab muaj peev xwm sib txawv ntawm ib theem ntawm ob ntu). thaj tsam). [2]
lub ntsiab
Qhov tsim ntawm alloys feem ntau hloov cov khoom ntawm keeb txheej ntawm tsob ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo, piv txwv li, lub zog ntawm cov hlau loj dua li ntawm nws cov hlau loj. Lub zog ntawm lub cev ntawm ib qho ntom ntom, muaj lub zog, siv hluav taws xob, yuav zoo ib yam li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, kuj cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom ntawm cov khoom sib dhos. sib txawv heev. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias kev npaj ntawm atoms hauv ib qho alloy yog qhov sib txawv heev ntawm qhov ntawd hauv ib qho khoom. Piv txwv li, lub ntsiab lus melting ntawm ib qho alloy yog qis dua li lub ntsiab lus melting ntawm cov hlau uas ua rau ntau yam hlau sib txawv, thiab nws tsis yooj yim los ua ib qho nyuaj ua cov tawv khov kho.
Ib qho me me ntawm ib qho khoom tseem ceeb yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau cov khoom ntawm cov alloy. Piv txwv li, impurities hauv ferromagnetic alloys tuaj yeem hloov cov khoom ntawm cov alloy.
Tsis zoo li cov hlau ntshiab, feem ntau cov alloys tsis muaj qhov sib luag melting point. Thaum qhov kub yog nyob rau hauv lub suab kub yaj, qhov sib tov yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm cov khoom thiab kua sib luag. Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem hais tias lub ntsiab lus melting ntawm cov alloy yog qis dua li ntawm kev tswj hwm cov hlau. Saib cov sib xyaw eutectic.
Ntawm cov alloys ib txwm muaj, tooj dag yog ib qho kev tooj liab ntawm tooj liab thiab zinc; Bronze yog ib qho alloy ntawm cov tin thiab tooj, thiab feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov mlom, ornaments, thiab lub tsev teev ntuj tswb. Alloys (xws li nickel alloys) tau siv nyob rau hauv lub txiaj ntawm qee lub tebchaws.
Allolo yog kev daws, xws li hlau, hlau yog cov kuab tshuaj, cov pa roj carbon yog solute.