Nws yog ib yam khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj lub cim Ni thiab tus lej atomic 28. Nws yog ib yam hlau dawb ci ntsa iab nrog cov xim kub hauv nws cov xim dawb silvery. Nickel yog ib hom hlau hloov pauv, tawv thiab ductile. Cov dej num tshuaj lom neeg ntawm nickel ntshiab yog siab heev, thiab qhov kev ua ub no tuaj yeem pom hauv lub xeev hmoov uas thaj chaw reactive yog maximized, tab sis cov hlau nickel feem ntau reacts qeeb nrog huab cua ib puag ncig vim tias ib txheej ntawm cov oxide tiv thaiv tau tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev ua ub no siab txaus ntawm nickel thiab oxygen, nws tseem nyuaj rau nrhiav cov hlau nickel ntuj ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Cov nickel ntuj ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb yog kaw hauv cov meteorites nickel-hlau loj dua, vim tias cov meteorites tsis muaj kev nkag mus rau oxygen thaum lawv nyob hauv qhov chaw. Ntawm lub ntiaj teb, cov nickel ntuj no ib txwm ua ke nrog hlau, qhia tias lawv yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm supernova nucleosynthesis. Feem ntau nws ntseeg tias lub ntiaj teb lub plawv yog tsim los ntawm nickel-hlau sib xyaw.
Kev siv nickel (ib qho hlau nickel-iron uas yog ib yam khoom sib xyaw ua ke) tau pib txij li xyoo 3500 BC. Axel Frederick Kronstedt yog thawj tus uas tau cais nickel thiab txhais nws ua ib yam tshuaj lom neeg hauv xyoo 1751, txawm hais tias nws xub xav tias nickel ore yog ib yam khoom siv tooj liab. Lub npe txawv teb chaws ntawm nickel los ntawm tus goblin phem uas muaj tib lub npe hauv zaj dab neeg ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv German (Nickel, uas zoo ib yam li lub npe menyuam yaus "Old Nick" rau dab ntxwg nyoog hauv lus Askiv). . Qhov chaw pheej yig tshaj plaws ntawm nickel yog hlau ore limonite, uas feem ntau muaj 1-2% nickel. Lwm cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau nickel suav nrog pentlandite thiab pentlandite. Cov neeg tsim khoom loj ntawm nickel suav nrog thaj av Soderbury hauv Canada (uas feem ntau ntseeg tias yog lub qhov av meteorite), New Caledonia hauv Dej Hiav Txwv Pacific, thiab Norilsk hauv Russia.
Vim tias nickel oxidizes qeeb qeeb ntawm chav sov, nws feem ntau suav tias yog corrosion resistant. Vim li no, nickel keeb kwm tau siv los ua phaj ntau yam nto, xws li hlau (xws li hlau thiab tooj dag), sab hauv ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, thiab qee cov alloys uas xav tau kom muaj cov nyiaj ci ntsa iab (xws li nickel nyiaj). Kwv yees li 6% ntawm lub ntiaj teb nickel tsim tseem siv rau corrosion-resistant nickel ntshiab plating. Nickel yog ib qho khoom siv feem ntau ntawm cov npib, tab sis qhov no feem ntau tau hloov los ntawm hlau pheej yig dua, tsis yog vim qee tus neeg muaj kev ua xua rau nickel. Txawm li cas los xij, Tebchaws Askiv tau pib ua npib hauv nickel dua hauv xyoo 2012, dhau ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm cov kws kho mob tawv nqaij.
Nickel yog ib qho ntawm plaub yam khoom uas yog ferromagnetic ntawm chav tsev kub. Cov hlau nplaum alnico uas muaj nickel muaj lub zog sib nqus ntawm cov hlau nplaum uas muaj hlau thiab cov hlau nplaum tsis tshua muaj. Nickel lub xwm txheej hauv ntiaj teb niaj hnub no feem ntau yog vim nws cov hlau sib txawv. Kwv yees li 60% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov hlau nplaum nickel siv los tsim ntau yam hlau nickel (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hlau tsis xeb). Lwm cov hlau sib txawv, nrog rau qee cov superalloys tshiab, suav rau yuav luag txhua qhov kev siv nickel thoob ntiaj teb. Kev siv tshuaj lom neeg los ua cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua rau tsawg dua 3 feem pua ​​​​​​ntawm kev tsim nickel. Raws li cov tshuaj sib xyaw, nickel muaj ntau yam kev siv tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim tshuaj lom neeg, piv txwv li ua tus catalyst rau cov tshuaj hydrogenation. Cov enzymes ntawm qee cov kab mob me me thiab cov nroj tsuag siv nickel ua qhov chaw nquag, yog li nickel yog cov khoom noj khoom haus tseem ceeb rau lawv. [1]