Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm txhuas hauv kev lag luam vuam khoom, thiab nws txoj kev lees txais ua lwm txoj hauv kev zoo rau hlau rau ntau daim ntawv thov, muaj cov kev xav tau ntxiv rau cov neeg koom nrog kev tsim cov phiaj xwm txhuas kom paub ntau ntxiv txog cov khoom siv no. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab txog txhuas tag nrho, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom pib los ntawm kev paub txog kev txheeb xyuas txhuas / kev xaiv, ntau yam txhuas alloys muaj thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv.

Lub Aluminium Alloy Temper thiab Designation System- Hauv North America, Lub Koom Haum Aluminium Inc. yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev faib thiab kev sau npe ntawm cov hlau txhuas. Tam sim no muaj ntau dua 400 cov hlau txhuas wrought thiab cov hlau txhuas wrought thiab ntau dua 200 cov hlau txhuas hauv daim ntawv ntawm castings thiab ingots sau npe nrog Lub Koom Haum Aluminium. Cov kev txwv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov hlau rau tag nrho cov hlau sau npe no muaj nyob rau hauv Lub Koom Haum Aluminium'sPhau Ntawv Tealhu ua "International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Wrought Aluminium and Wrought Aluminium Alloys" thiab hauv lawv covPhau Ntawv Liabhu ua "Cov Qauv thiab Cov Kev Txwv ntawm Cov Tshuaj Lom Zem rau Cov Khoom Siv Aluminium hauv Daim Ntawv ntawm Castings thiab Ingot. Cov ntawv tshaj tawm no tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tus kws vuam thaum tsim cov txheej txheem vuam, thiab thaum kev xav txog chemistry thiab nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog kev tawg yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Cov hlau txhuas tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau pawg raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv xws li nws lub peev xwm los teb rau kev kho cua sov thiab kev kho tshuab thiab cov khoom siv alloying tseem ceeb ntxiv rau cov hlau txhuas. Thaum peb xav txog cov lej / kev txheeb xyuas siv rau cov hlau txhuas, cov yam ntxwv saum toj no tau txheeb xyuas. Cov hlau wrought thiab cam khwb cia txhuas muaj cov txheej txheem txheeb xyuas sib txawv. Lub kaw lus wrought yog 4-tus lej system thiab cov castings muaj 3-tus lej thiab 1-decimal qhov chaw system.

Lub Tshuab Tsim Khoom Siv Wrought Alloy- Peb yuav xub xav txog qhov system txheeb xyuas 4-tus lej ua los ntawm cov hlau txhuas. Tus lej thawj zaug (Xxxx) qhia txog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb, uas tau ntxiv rau cov hlau txhuas thiab feem ntau siv los piav qhia txog cov hlau txhuas series, piv txwv li, 1000 series, 2000 series, 3000 series, txog li 8000 series (saib lub rooj 1).

Tus lej ib leeg thib ob (x)Xxx), yog tias txawv ntawm 0, qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hlau tshwj xeeb, thiab tus lej thib peb thiab thib plaub (xxXX) yog cov lej uas muab los txheeb xyuas ib qho hlau tshwj xeeb hauv cov koob. Piv txwv li: Hauv hlau 5183, tus lej 5 qhia tias nws yog ntawm cov hlau magnesium series, tus lej 1 qhia tias nws yog tus lej 1^stkev hloov kho rau cov hlau qub 5083, thiab 83 txheeb xyuas nws hauv 5xxx series.

Tsuas muaj ib qho kev zam rau qhov kev suav lej alloy no xwb nrog rau 1xxx series aluminium alloys (aluminums ntshiab) uas yog, 2 tus lej kawg muab qhov feem pua ​​​​​​tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm aluminium tshaj 99%, piv txwv li, Alloy 13(50)(99.50% tsawg kawg nkaus txhuas).

WROUGHT ALUMINUM ALLOY DESIGNATION SYSTEM

Rooj 1

Lub Npe Cast Alloy- Lub kaw lus xaiv cov hlau cam khwb cia yog raws li 3 tus lej ntxiv rau tus lej decimal xxx.x (piv txwv li 356.0). Tus lej thawj zaug (Xxx.x) qhia txog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb, uas tau ntxiv rau cov hlau txhuas (saib lub rooj 2).

CASTED ALUMINUM ALLOY DESIGNATION SYSTEM

Rooj 2

Tus lej thib ob thiab thib peb (x)XX.x) yog cov lej uas siv los txheeb xyuas ib qho hlau tshwj xeeb hauv cov koob. Tus lej tom qab lub cim lej qhia seb cov hlau yog casting (.0) lossis ingot (.1 lossis .2). Ib tsab ntawv loj ua ntej qhia txog kev hloov kho rau ib qho hlau tshwj xeeb.
Piv txwv li: Alloy - A356.0 lub peev A (Axxx.x) qhia txog kev hloov kho ntawm alloy 356.0. Tus lej 3 (A3xx.x) qhia tias nws yog ntawm cov koob silicon ntxiv rau tooj liab thiab/lossis magnesium. Tus lej 56 hauv (Ax56.0) txheeb xyuas cov hlau sib xyaw hauv 3xx.x series, thiab .0 (Axxx.0) qhia tias nws yog qhov kawg casting thiab tsis yog ingot.

Lub Txheej Txheem Tsim Qauv Kub ntawm Aluminium -Yog tias peb xav txog cov series sib txawv ntawm cov txhuas alloys, peb yuav pom tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntau hauv lawv cov yam ntxwv thiab qhov kev siv. Lub ntsiab lus thawj zaug uas yuav tsum paub, tom qab nkag siab txog qhov system txheeb xyuas, yog tias muaj ob hom txhuas sib txawv hauv cov series uas tau hais los saum toj no. Cov no yog cov Heat Treatable Aluminium alloys (cov uas tuaj yeem tau txais lub zog los ntawm kev ntxiv cua sov) thiab cov Non-Heat Treatable Aluminium alloys. Qhov sib txawv no tseem ceeb heev thaum xav txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm arc welding ntawm ob hom ntaub ntawv no.

Cov hlau ua los ntawm 1xxx, 3xxx, thiab 5xxx series yog cov hlau ua los ntawm cov hlau uas tsis tau kho cua sov thiab tsuas yog siv tau rau kev tawv tawv xwb. Cov hlau ua los ntawm cov hlau ua los ntawm cov hlau 2xxx, 6xxx, thiab 7xxx series yog cov hlau ua los ntawm cov hlau uas kho cua sov tau thiab cov hlau 4xxx series muaj cov hlau uas kho cua sov tau thiab cov hlau uas kho cua sov tsis tau. Cov hlau ua los ntawm cov hlau 2xx.x, 3xx.x, 4xx.x thiab 7xx.x series yog cov hlau uas kho cua sov tau. Kev tawv tawv feem ntau tsis siv rau cov castings.

Cov hlau nplaum uas kho tau cua sov tau txais lawv cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho cua sov, cov kev kho cua sov feem ntau yog Kev Kho Cua Sov thiab Kev Laus Dag. Kev Kho Cua Sov yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua kom cov hlau nplaum sov mus rau qhov kub siab (kwv yees li 990 Deg. F) txhawm rau muab cov ntsiab lus lossis cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke rau hauv cov kua. Qhov no ua raws li kev quenching, feem ntau hauv dej, los tsim cov kua supersaturated ntawm chav tsev kub. Kev kho cua sov ntawm cov kua feem ntau ua raws li kev laus. Kev laus yog kev nag ntawm ib feem ntawm cov ntsiab lus lossis cov khoom sib xyaw los ntawm cov kua supersaturated kom tau txais cov khoom zoo.

Cov hlau uas tsis kho tau los ntawm cua sov tau txais lawv cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm Kev Ua Kom Nyuaj Siab. Kev ua kom tawv nqaij yog txoj kev ua kom muaj zog ntxiv los ntawm kev siv kev ua haujlwm txias.T6, 6063-T4, 5052-H32, 5083-H112.

COV LUS QHIA TXOG LUB TEMPER

Rooj 3

Ntxiv rau qhov kev xaiv kub yooj yim, muaj ob pawg faib ua pawg, ib qho hais txog "H" Temper - Strain Hardening, thiab lwm qhov hais txog "T" Temper - Thermally Treated designation.

Kev faib ua pawg ntawm H Temper - Strain Hardened

Tus lej thawj tom qab H qhia txog kev ua haujlwm yooj yim:
H1- Tsuas yog cov uas tau hardened.
H2- Lim tawv tawv thiab ib feem Annealed.
H3- Cov khoom siv tau ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov.
H4- Cov xim pleev xim los yog lacquered thiab pleev xim rau.

Tus lej thib ob tom qab H qhia txog qib kev tawv tawv:
HX2– Ib Feem Plaub HX4– Ib Nrab HX Nyuaj6- Peb-Lub Plaub Hlis Nyuaj
HX8– Tag Nrho Hard HX9– Nyuaj heev

Kev faib ua pawg ntawm T Temper - Kho nrog cua sov

T1- Laus raws li ntuj tsim tom qab txias los ntawm cov txheej txheem ua kom zoo nkauj kub siab, xws li extruding.
T2- Txias ua haujlwm tom qab txias los ntawm cov txheej txheem ua kom sov siab thiab tom qab ntawd laus raws li ntuj.
T3- Cov tshuaj tau kho cua sov, ua haujlwm txias thiab laus hauv ntuj.
T4- Cov tshuaj tau kho cua sov thiab laus raws li ntuj tsim.
T5- Laus dua los ntawm kev txias los ntawm cov txheej txheem ua kom sov siab.
T6- Cov tshuaj tau kho cua sov thiab laus artificially.
T7- Cov tshuaj tau kho cua sov thiab ruaj khov (dhau sijhawm lawm).
T8- Cov tshuaj tau kho cua sov, ua haujlwm txias thiab laus dua.
T9- Cov tshuaj kho cua sov, laus artificial thiab ua haujlwm txias.
T10- Txias ua haujlwm tom qab txias los ntawm cov txheej txheem ua kom sov siab thiab tom qab ntawd laus dua.

Cov lej ntxiv qhia tias kev ntxhov siab ploj mus.
Piv txwv li:
TX51los yog TXX51- Kev ntxhov siab txo los ntawm kev ncab.
TX52los yog TXX52- Kev ntxhov siab txo los ntawm kev nias.

Cov Khoom Siv Aluminium Thiab Lawv Cov Yam Ntxwv- Yog tias peb xav txog xya series ntawm wrought aluminium alloys, peb yuav txaus siab rau lawv qhov sib txawv thiab nkag siab txog lawv cov ntawv thov thiab cov yam ntxwv.

1xxx Series Alloys- (tsis kho cua sov - nrog lub zog tensile kawg ntawm 10 txog 27 ksi) cov koob no feem ntau hu ua cov koob txhuas ntshiab vim tias nws yuav tsum muaj 99.0% tsawg kawg nkaus txhuas. Lawv weldable. Txawm li cas los xij, vim lawv qhov ntau thiab tsawg melting, lawv xav tau qee qhov kev txiav txim siab kom tsim cov txheej txheem vuam uas lees txais tau. Thaum txiav txim siab rau kev tsim khoom, cov alloys no raug xaiv feem ntau rau lawv qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo dua xws li hauv cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb thiab cov kav dej, lossis rau lawv cov hluav taws xob zoo heev xws li hauv cov ntawv thov busbar. Cov alloys no muaj cov khoom siv kho tshuab tsis zoo thiab yuav tsis tshua xav txog rau cov ntawv thov dav dav. Cov alloys hauv paus no feem ntau yog welded nrog cov khoom sib phim lossis nrog 4xxx filler alloys nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab kev ua tau zoo.

2xxx Series Alloys– (ua kom sov tau– nrog lub zog tensile kawg ntawm 27 txog 62 ksi) cov no yog cov hlau txhuas / tooj liab (ntxiv tooj liab txij li 0.7 txog 6.8%), thiab yog cov hlau muaj zog siab, ua tau zoo uas feem ntau siv rau kev siv dav hlau thiab dav hlau. Lawv muaj lub zog zoo heev dhau ntau qhov kub thiab txias. Qee cov hlau no suav tias tsis tuaj yeem vuam los ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam arc vim lawv qhov kev cuam tshuam rau kev tawg kub thiab kev ntxhov siab corrosion tawg; txawm li cas los xij, lwm tus yog arc welded zoo heev nrog cov txheej txheem vuam kom raug. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv paus no feem ntau yog welded nrog lub zog siab 2xxx series filler alloys tsim los phim lawv cov kev ua tau zoo, tab sis qee zaum tuaj yeem welded nrog 4xxx series fillers uas muaj silicon lossis silicon thiab tooj liab, nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab kev pabcuam xav tau.

3xxx Series Alloys– (tsis kho tau cua sov - nrog lub zog tensile kawg ntawm 16 txog 41 ksi) Cov no yog cov txhuas / manganese alloys (manganese ntxiv txij li 0.05 txog 1.8%) thiab muaj zog nruab nrab, muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo, zoo formability thiab haum rau kev siv ntawm qhov kub siab. Ib qho ntawm lawv thawj zaug siv yog cov lauj kaub thiab cov lauj kaub, thiab lawv yog cov khoom tseem ceeb niaj hnub no rau cov cua sov sib pauv hauv tsheb thiab cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob. Lawv lub zog nruab nrab, txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau tiv thaiv lawv qhov kev xav rau cov ntawv thov kev tsim kho. Cov alloys hauv paus no yog welded nrog 1xxx, 4xxx thiab 5xxx series filler alloys, nyob ntawm lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb thiab cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb thiab cov kev xav tau kev pabcuam.

4xxx Series Alloys– (ua kom sov tau thiab ua kom tsis kub tau - nrog lub zog tensile kawg ntawm 25 txog 55 ksi) Cov no yog cov txhuas / silicon alloys (silicon ntxiv txij li 0.6 txog 21.5%) thiab yog cov koob nkaus xwb uas muaj ob qho tib si ua kom sov tau thiab ua kom tsis kub tau. Silicon, thaum ntxiv rau txhuas, txo nws qhov melting point thiab txhim kho nws cov fluidity thaum molten. Cov yam ntxwv no yog qhov xav tau rau cov ntaub ntawv sau siv rau ob qho tib si fusion welding thiab brazing. Yog li ntawd, cov koob no ntawm cov alloys feem ntau pom tias yog cov ntaub ntawv sau. Silicon, ywj pheej hauv txhuas, tsis yog ua kom sov tau; txawm li cas los xij, ntau ntawm cov silicon alloys no tau tsim los muaj kev ntxiv ntawm magnesium lossis tooj liab, uas muab rau lawv lub peev xwm los teb zoo rau kev kho cua sov. Feem ntau, cov khoom siv kho cua sov no tsuas yog siv thaum ib qho khoom welded yuav tsum tau raug rau kev kho cua sov tom qab weld.

5xxx Series Alloys– (tsis kho cua sov tau – nrog lub zog tensile kawg ntawm 18 txog 51 ksi) Cov no yog cov txhuas / magnesium alloys (magnesium ntxiv txij li 0.2 txog 6.2%) thiab muaj lub zog siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov alloys uas tsis kho cua sov tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov alloy series no yooj yim weldable, thiab rau cov laj thawj no lawv siv rau ntau yam kev siv xws li kev tsim nkoj, kev thauj mus los, cov hlab ntsha siab, cov choj thiab cov tsev. Cov magnesium base alloys feem ntau yog welded nrog filler alloys, uas raug xaiv tom qab xav txog cov ntsiab lus magnesium ntawm cov khoom siv hauv paus, thiab daim ntawv thov thiab kev pabcuam ntawm cov khoom welded. Cov alloys hauv cov koob no nrog ntau dua 3.0% magnesium tsis pom zoo rau kev pabcuam kub siab dua 150 deg F vim lawv muaj peev xwm rau kev nkag siab thiab tom qab ntawd muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ntxhov siab corrosion cracking. Cov alloys hauv paus nrog tsawg dua li 2.5% magnesium feem ntau welded zoo nrog 5xxx lossis 4xxx series filler alloys. Cov hlau puag 5052 feem ntau lees paub tias yog cov hlau puag uas muaj cov magnesium ntau tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem vuam nrog 4xxx series filler alloy. Vim muaj teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog eutectic melting thiab cov khoom siv tsis zoo uas tau vuam, nws tsis pom zoo kom vuam cov khoom hauv cov hlau puag no, uas muaj cov magnesium ntau dua nrog 4xxx series fillers. Cov khoom siv magnesium siab dua tsuas yog vuam nrog 5xxx filler alloys, uas feem ntau phim cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke.

6XXX Series Alloys– (ua kom sov tau - nrog lub zog tensile kawg ntawm 18 txog 58 ksi) Cov no yog cov txhuas / magnesium - silicon alloys (magnesium thiab silicon ntxiv ntawm kwv yees li 1.0%) thiab pom dav thoob plaws hauv kev lag luam vuam, siv feem ntau hauv daim ntawv ntawm extrusions, thiab koom ua ke hauv ntau yam khoom siv. Kev ntxiv magnesium thiab silicon rau txhuas tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm magnesium-silicide, uas muab cov khoom siv no nws lub peev xwm los ua cov tshuaj kho cua sov rau kev txhim kho lub zog. Cov alloys no yog ntuj tsim solidification tawg rhiab heev, thiab vim li no, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob arc welded autogenously (tsis muaj cov khoom sau). Kev ntxiv cov khoom sau txaus thaum lub sijhawm vuam arc yog qhov tseem ceeb kom muab cov khoom siv hauv paus, yog li tiv thaiv qhov teeb meem kub tawg. Lawv tau welded nrog ob qho tib si 4xxx thiab 5xxx filler cov ntaub ntawv, nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab kev pabcuam xav tau.

7XXX Series Alloys- (ua kom sov tau - nrog lub zog tensile kawg ntawm 32 txog 88 ksi) Cov no yog cov txhuas / zinc alloys (zinc ntxiv txij li 0.8 txog 12.0%) thiab muaj qee qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm cov txhuas alloys. Cov alloys no feem ntau siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov kev ua haujlwm siab xws li dav hlau, aerospace, thiab cov khoom siv kis las sib tw. Zoo li 2xxx series ntawm cov alloys, cov koob no suav nrog cov alloys uas suav tias tsis tsim nyog rau kev vuam arc, thiab lwm tus, uas feem ntau arc welded zoo. Cov alloys welded feem ntau hauv cov koob no, xws li 7005, feem ntau yog welded nrog 5xxx series filler alloys.

Kev Txheeb Xyuas- Cov hlau txhuas niaj hnub no, nrog rau lawv cov kub sib txawv, muaj ntau yam khoom siv tsim khoom. Rau kev tsim khoom zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem vuam zoo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau cov hlau muaj thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv sib txawv thiab kev ua haujlwm weldability. Thaum tsim cov txheej txheem vuam arc rau cov hlau sib txawv no, yuav tsum xav txog cov hlau tshwj xeeb uas tau vuam. Nws feem ntau hais tias arc vuam ntawm txhuas tsis nyuaj, "nws tsuas yog txawv". Kuv ntseeg tias ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv no yog kom paub txog ntau yam hlau, lawv cov yam ntxwv, thiab lawv cov txheej txheem txheeb xyuas.