Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm txhuas hauv lub vuam fabrication kev lag luam, thiab nws cov kev lees paub ua cov haujlwm zoo heev rau cov kev tsim kho cov cuab yeej aluminium no kom paub ntau cov pab pawg. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab txog txhuas, nws raug nquahu kom pib los ntawm kev paub nrog cov cim txhuas / cov qauv tsim qauv, aluminium alloys muaj thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv.

Aluminium alloy Temper thiab Tsim Qauv Txheej Txheem- Nyob rau hauv North America, Lub Koom Haum Hlau Inc. yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev faib thiab sau npe ntawm aluminium alloys. Tam sim no muaj ntau dua 400 wrought aluminium thiab tshaj 200 txhuas alloys nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nrib thiab Inget tau sau npe nrog cov koom haum Aluminium. Cov alloy tshuaj muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke txwv rau txhua qhov ntawm cov alloys alloys muaj nyob hauv cov koom haum txhuas hauv lub koom haum txhuasTeal phau ntawvmuaj npe "thoob ntiaj teb alloy kev tsim qauv thiab tshuaj lom neeg txwv rau wrought aluminium thiab wrought aluminium alloys" thiab hauv lawvPhau Ntawv LiabTxoj cai "kev tsim qauv thiab tshuaj lom neeg txwv rau aluminium alloys hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam thiab thaum kev txiav txim siab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov kev xav tau yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Aluminium alloys tuaj yeem faib ua ib pawg ntawm cov pawg raws li cov khoom siv thermal thiab kev sib cav thiab cov txheej txheem sib dhos tseem ceeb ntxiv rau cov aluminium alloy. Thaum peb xav txog cov lej / cim cov qauv siv rau txhuas alloys, cov yam ntxwv saum toj no tau txheeb xyuas. Wrought thiab cam cov txhuas tau muaj cov tshuab sib txawv ntawm cov cim. Wrought lub system yog 4-lej thiab cov kab tsuag muaj cov 3-lej thiab 1-decimal chaw.

Wrought Alloy Tsim Txheej Txheem- Peb yuav tsum xub xav txog 4 tus lej wrought aluminium alloy tus kheej. Thawj tus lej (XXXX) Qhia txog tus thawj coj sab nrauv, uas tau ntxiv rau cov txhuas alloy thiab feem ntau yog siv los piav txog txhuas alloy, piv txwv, nce txog 8000 series (saib cov lus 1).

Tus lej thib ob ib (xXxx), yog txawv ntawm 0, qhia txog kev hloov kho ntawm cov lej tshwj xeeb, thiab tus lej thib peb thiab thib plaub (xxXX) yog tus lej arbitrary muab rau txheeb xyuas ib qho alloy hauv koob. Piv txwv li: hauv alloy 5183, Tus naj npawb 5 qhia tau tias nws yog ntawm cov hlau nplaum alloy series, lub 1 qhia tias nws yog 1^stKev hloov kho rau thawj alloy 5083, thiab 83 cim nws hauv 5xxx series.

Tsuas yog kev zam rau cov txheej txheem no suav nrog cov 1xxx series aluminium alllots (2 tus lej kawg tau muab tsawg kawg Aluminium feem pua ​​saum toj kawg nkaus 99%, xws li 13(50)(99.50% yam tsawg kawg aluminium).

Wrought aluminium alloy tsim txheej txheem

Rooj 1

Nrum Alloy Tsim- Kev tsim alloy alroy alloy yog raws li 3 tus lej-ntxiv rau decimal tsim xxx.x (piv txwv li 356.0). Thawj tus lej (XXx.x) qhia tias tus thawj coj sab nraud ua ke, uas tau ntxiv rau cov aluminium alloy (saib Cov Lus 2).

Nrum Txhuas Alloy Tsim Txheej Txheem

Rooj 2

Tus lej thib ob thiab thib peb (xXX.x) yog tus lej arbitrary muab rau txheeb xyuas ib qho tshwj xeeb hauv koob. Tus lej nram qab no lub decimal point qhia tias puas yog ib qho alloy yog lub pov (.0) lossis ingot (.1 lossis .2). Ib tsab ntawv tseem ceeb Prefix qhia txog kev hloov kho rau ib qho tshwj xeeb.
Piv Txwv: Alloy - A356.0 lub peev A (AXXX.X) Qhia txog kev hloov kho ntawm alloy 356.0. Tus lej 3 (a3Xx.x) qhia tias nws yog ntawm silicon ntxiv tooj liab thiab / lossis magnesium series. 56 hauv (taus56.0) qhia txog cov alloy tsis pub dhau 3xx.x series, thiab cov .0 (Axxx.0) Qhia tias nws yog tus duab kawg sib nraus thiab tsis yog ingot.

Aluminium Tem Tsim Txheej Txheem -Yog tias peb xav txog cov koob sib txawv ntawm alloys, peb yuav pom tias muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv cov yam ntxwv thiab cov ntawv thov raug. Thawj lub ntsiab lus kom paub txog, tom qab nkag siab txog cov cim qhia, yog tias muaj ob qho kev sib txawv sib txawv sib txawv ntawm cov series uas tau hais saum toj no. Cov no yog cov cua sov kho aluminium alloys (cov uas tuaj yeem nce lub zog los ntawm kev ntxiv ntawm tshav kub) thiab cov tsis kho cua sov aluminium. Qhov kev txawv txawv no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb thaum xav txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm arc vuam ntawm ob hom khoom siv no.

Lub 1xxx, 3xxx, thiab 5xxx series wrought alloys yog tsis muaj cua sov thiab muaj cua sov thiab muaj kev sib cav nyuaj nkaus xwb. Lub 2xxx, 6xxx, thiab 7xxx Series tau wasroting txhuas alloys yog tshav ntuj kho cua sov thiab 4xxx series muaj ob qho tib si kho cua sov thiab tsis muaj cua sov. Lub 2xx.x, 3xx.x, 4xx.x thiab 7xx.x series cam khwb cia alloys yog cov kho cua sov. Strain hardening tsis yog feem ntau thov rau castingings.

Cov khoom siv cua sov tau txais lawv cov txheej txheem zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov, cov kev kho mob cua sov tshaj plaws yog kev kho kom sov thiab cov kev laus cuav. Kev kho kom sov kho cua sov yog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov cua sov cov alloy rau ib qho kub thiab txias (nyob ib ncig ntawm 990 deg. Qhov no yog ua raws los ntawm quenching, feem ntau nyob hauv dej, los tsim cov tshuaj supersataturated hauv chav tsev kub. Kev daws teeb meem kub yog feem ntau ua raws li kev laus. Kev laus yog cov nag lossis daus ntawm ib feem ntawm cov ntsiab lus lossis sib txuas los ntawm kev daws teeb meem kom tau txais cov khoom muaj peev xwm.

Qhov tsis yog-tshav kub kho tau txais alloys tau txais lawv cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm kev tawv tawv. Strain Hardening yog txoj kev ntawm kev nce zog los ntawm kev thov ntawm cov khaub thuas ua haujlwm txias.T6, 6063-T4, 5052-H32, 5083-H112.

Qhov yooj yim kev tsim

Rooj 3

Ntxiv rau kev tsim qauv yooj yim, muaj ob txoj kev nyob nrog "H" npau taws - sib txawv ntawm qhov kev tsim kho "Temperedy.

Subdivision ntawm h npau taws - sib zog tawv

Thawj tus lej tom qab HE qhia txog kev ua haujlwm yooj yim:
H1- Sib npaug tawv tsuas yog.
H2- Sib sau ua kom tawv thiab ib nrab kawm.
H3- Sib npaug hardened thiab ruaj khov.
H4- Sib txhuam tawv tawv tawv thiab lacquered lossis pleev xim.

Tus lej thib ob tom qab HE qhia txog qib ntawm Strain Hardening:
HX2- peb hlis nyuaj HX4- ib nrab nyuaj HX6- Peb-plaub lub sijhawm nyuaj
HX8- tag nrho nyuaj hx9- ntxiv nyuaj

Subdivisions ntawm Tik - Thermally kho

T1- Ib txwm muaj hnub nyoog tom qab txias los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntsuas kub, xws li kev rho tawm.
T2- Txias ua haujlwm tom qab txias los ntawm ib tus txheej txheem kom sov siab thiab tom qab ntawd ib hnub nyoog ib txwm muaj.
T3- Tshuaj kho kom sov-kho kom sov, ua haujlwm txias thiab ib txwm muaj hnub nyoog.
T4- daws cov tshuaj kho kom sov thiab ib txwm muaj hnub nyoog.
T5- Kev ua haujlwm artificially tom qab txias los ntawm ib tus txheej txheem kom siab kub.
T6- daws cov tshuaj kho kub-kho kom sov thiab muaj zog.
T7- Tshuaj kho kom sov thiab ruaj khov (nruab nrab).
T8- Tshuaj kho kom sov-kho kom sov, ua haujlwm txias thiab artificially muaj hnub nyoog.
T9- Kev daws teeb meem kub kho, artificially muaj hnub nyoog thiab ua haujlwm txias.
Tus ntses- Txias ua haujlwm tom qab txias los ntawm ib qho kev ntsuas kub ua kom sov thiab tom qab ntawd artificially aged.

Cov lej ntxiv qhia txog kev ntxhov siab.
Piv txwv:
TX51los yog hnx51- Kev ntxhov siab ntxhov siab los ntawm kev ncab.
TX52los yog hnx52- Kev ntxhov siab ntxhov siab los ntawm kev zaws.

Txhuas alloys thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv- Yog tias peb xav txog xya ntawm xya alrought aluminium alloys, peb yuav txaus siab rau lawv qhov sib txawv thiab nkag siab lawv cov ntawv thov thiab cov yam ntxwv.

1xxx series alloys- (Tsis yog-tshav kub kho tau - nrog lub zog tensile ntawm 10 txog 27 ksi) cov koob no feem ntau hu ua tus ntshiab txhuas series vim tias nws yuav tsum muaj 99.0% tsawg kawg aluminium. Lawv yog weldable. Txawm li cas los xij, vim hais tias ntawm lawv nqaim melting ntau, lawv xav tau qee yam kev txiav txim siab kom thiaj li tsim cov txheej txheem vuam uas siv tau. Thaum txiav txim siab rau kev tsim tawm, cov alloys tau xaiv feem ntau rau lawv cov hlau hluav taws xob feem ntau xws li cov raj hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb xws li hauv cov ntawv thov bar npav. Cov alloys muaj cov cuab yeej tsis zoo thiab yuav tsawg cov neeg siv tau txiav txim siab rau cov qauv txheej txheem dav dav. Cov hauv paus no alloys feem ntau yog welded nrog txuam rau cov chaw muab tub lim lossis nrog 4xxx farter alloys nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab kev xav tau kev ua tau zoo.

2xxx series alloys- (Kev kho cua sov- nrog lub zog tensile lub zog ntawm 27 txog 62 ksi), tooj liab ntxiv rau cov ntawv thov kev siv dav hlau thiab cov dav hlau. Lawv muaj lub zog zoo tshaj qhov ntsuas kub ntau ntau. Qee qhov ntawm cov alloys tau suav tias tsis yog-weldable los ntawm arc vuam cov txheej txheem vim tias lawv cov kev ua tau zoo rau kub tawg thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion tawg; Txawm li cas los xij, lwm tus neeg yog arc welded heev ua tiav nrog kev siv vuam kom raug. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv paus no feem ntau welded nrog lub zog siab 2xxx kos filers uas muaj silicon lossis ntau silicon thiab tooj liab, yuav tsum nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab kev pabcuam.

3xxx series alloys- (Tsis yog-tshav kub kho tau - nrog rau lub zog tensile ntawm 16 txog 41 ksi) thiab yog cov muaj zog ua haujlwm, muaj kev tsim kho kom haum thiab haum rau kev siv kub. Ib qho ntawm lawv thawj zaug siv yog cov lauj kaub thiab cov lauj kaub, thiab lawv yog cov khoom sib pauv loj niaj hnub no rau kev hloov pauv cua sov hauv cov tsheb thiab cov nroj tsuag fais fab. Lawv lub zog nruab nrab, txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ua rau lawv kev txiav txim siab rau cov ntawv thov kev tsim qauv. Cov hauv paus no alloys yog welded nrog 1xxx, 4xxx, 4xxx series filler alloys, nyob ntawm lawv cov kev thov chemical thiab tshwj xeeb thiab kev pabcuam.

4 xxx series alloys- (Cov tshuaj kho cua sov thiab tsis muaj cua sov Silicon, thaum ntxiv rau txhuas, txo nws lub taw tes melting thiab txhim kho nws cov xim thaum molten. Cov yam ntxwv no yog qhov ntshaw rau cov khoom siv ua tub lim rau ob qho tib si fusion vuam thiab brazing. Thiaj li, cov koob ntawm alloys yog feem ntau pom raws li cov khoom siv ua tub rog. Silicon, ywj pheej hauv txhuas, yog tsis muaj cua sov; Txawm li cas los xij, ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov khoom ua silicon no tau tsim los kom muaj ntxiv ntawm magnesium lossis tooj liab, uas muab rau lawv muaj peev xwm los teb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom sov. Feem ntau, cov chaw ua haujlwm sov rau cov muab tso ua ke yog tsuas yog siv thaum muaj kev welded tiv thaiv yog yuav tsum tau xa weld theld kev kho mob.

5xxx series alloys- (Tsis yog-tshav kub kho tau - nrog lub zog tensile muaj zog ntawm 18 txog 51 ksi) yog allox / magnesium ntxiv los ntawm 0.2 mus rau 6.2%) thiab muaj lub zog zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev kho kom sov. Tsis tas li ntawd, Alloy series no tau yooj yim weldable, thiab rau cov laj thawj no lawv tau siv rau ntau yam kev thov xws li cov khoom thauj khoom, kev thauj mus los, txuas hniav thiab cov dav hlau thiab vaj tse. Cov hlau nplaum cov tshuab hluav taws xob feem ntau welded nrog cov lim tiam, uas tau xaiv tom qab cov ntsiab lus magnesium ntawm cov khoom siv hlau, thiab daim ntawv thov thiab cov kev pabcuam ntawm Welded tivthaiv. Alloys hauv cov koob no nrog ntau dua 3.0% Magnesium tsis pom zoo rau kev txhawb qhov kub tshaj 200 deg vim tias muaj kev lom zem rau kev ntxhov siab rau kev ntxhov siab. Puag Alloys nrog tsawg dua li 2.5% magnesium feem ntau welded ua tiav nrog 5xxx lossis 4xxx series filler alloys. Lub hauv paus alloy 5052 feem ntau tau pom zoo raws li qhov siab tshaj plaws cov ntsiab lus magnesium alloy uas tuaj yeem welded nrog 4xxx series filler alloy. Vim hais tias ntawm cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog eutsecic melting thiab txuam nrog weld cov khoom siv tshuab, nws tsis pom zoo rau cov khoom siv tshuab hluav taws xob, nws tsis pom zoo ntau dua ntawm cov magnesium nrog rau 4xxx series fillers. Cov khoom siv magnesium ntau dua tsuas yog welded nrog 5xxx freter alloys, uas feem ntau phim lub hauv paus alloy muaj pes tsawg leeg.

6 xxx series alloys- (kev kho cua sov - nrog rau lub zog tensile ntawm 18 txog ntawm ib puag ncig 1.0%) thiab muaj ntau yam nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov extrusions, thiab sib xyaw ua ntau cov qauv txheej txheem. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm magnesium thiab silicon kom txhuas ua cov compound ntawm magnesium-uas muab cov khoom siv no nws lub peev xwm los ua cov cua sov kho rau kev txhim kho lub zog. Cov alloys no yog ib txwm solidification tawg, thiab vim li no, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob arc welded autogenously (tsis muaj cov muab cov khoom siv). Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv uas txaus siab rau cov khoom siv Arc yog qhov tseem ceeb kom muab cov khoom siv hauv paus, yog li tiv thaiv cov teeb meem kub kub. Lawv yog welded nrog ob qho tib si 4xxx thiab 5xxx cov chaw ua haujlwm, nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab kev pabcuam.

7xxx series alloys- (kev kho cua sov - nrog rau lub zog tensile ntawm 32 mus rau 88 ksi) thiab suav nrog qee qhov siab tshaj plaws lub zog aluminium alloys. Cov alloys feem ntau siv hauv kev siv cov kev siv ua tau zoo xws li aircraft, aerospace, thiab cov cuab yeej sib tw. Zoo li cov 2xxx series ntawm alloys, cov koob no sib xyaw ua ke uas tau raug txiav txim siab tsis zoo rau arc vuam, thiab lwm tus, uas feem ntau arc welded tiav. Cov feem ntau welded alloys hauv cov koob, xws li 7005, yog feem ntau welded nrog 5xxx series filler alloys.

Lub ntsiab- Hnub no aluminium alloys, ua ke nrog lawv ntau lub tempers, suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv tsim khoom ntau thiab ntau yam. Rau cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj kev vam meej vuam txheej txheem kev txhim kho, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov alloys ntau thiab ntau yam kev ua tau zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv weldability. Thaum txhim kho arc vuam cov txheej txheem rau cov alloys sib txawv, kev txiav txim siab yuav tsum tau muab rau qhov tshwj xeeb tau welded. Nws yog feem ntau hais tias arc vuam ntawm txhuas tsis nyuaj, "nws tsuas yog txawv". Kuv ntseeg tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nkag siab cov kev sib txawv no yog los ua kom muaj ntau yam muaj ntau yam, lawv cov yam ntxwv, thiab lawv cov cim.