Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm txhuas nyob rau hauv kev lag luam vuam fabrication, thiab nws qhov kev lees paub raws li ib qho kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov hlau rau ntau daim ntawv thov, muaj cov kev xav tau ntau ntxiv rau cov neeg koom nrog tsim cov phiaj xwm txhuas kom paub ntau ntxiv nrog cov ntaub ntawv no.Yuav kom nkag siab txog txhuas, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau pib los ntawm kev paub txog cov txheej txheem txhuas / kev tsim, ntau cov aluminium alloys muaj thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv.

Aluminium Alloy Temper thiab Tsim System- Hauv North America, Lub Koom Haum Aluminium Inc. yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev faib thiab kev sau npe ntawm aluminium alloys.Tam sim no muaj ntau tshaj 400 wrought aluminium thiab wrought aluminium alloys thiab tshaj 200 aluminium alloys nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm castings thiab ingots sau npe nrog lub koom haum Aluminium.Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg txwv rau tag nrho cov npe ntawm cov alloys no muaj nyob rau hauv Aluminium Association'sPhau Ntawv Tealtxoj cai "International Alloy Designations thiab Chemical Composition Limits rau Wrought Aluminium thiab Wrought Aluminium Alloys" thiab hauv lawvPaj yeeb Phau ntawvtxoj cai "Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Aluminium Alloys in Form of Castings and Ingot.Cov ntawv tshaj tawm no tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tus kws ua haujlwm vuam thaum tsim cov txheej txheem vuam, thiab thaum kev txiav txim siab ntawm chemistry thiab nws cov koom haum nrog kev sib tsoo yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Aluminium alloys tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau pawg raws li cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb xws li nws lub peev xwm los teb rau kev kho cua sov thiab kho tshuab thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv rau aluminium alloy.Thaum peb xav txog tus lej / kev txheeb xyuas qhov system siv rau aluminium alloys, cov yam ntxwv saum toj no tau txheeb xyuas.Cov wrought thiab cam khwb cia txhuas muaj cov txheej txheem sib txawv.Qhov system wrought yog 4-tus lej system thiab cov castings muaj 3-tus lej thiab 1-tus lej qhov system.

Wrought Alloy Designation System- Peb yuav tsum xub xav txog 4 tus lej wrought aluminium alloy identification system.Thawj tus lej (Xxxx) qhia txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov alloying, uas tau muab ntxiv rau hauv aluminium alloy thiab feem ntau yog siv los piav qhia txog aluminium alloy series, piv txwv li, 1000 series, 2000 series, 3000 series, mus txog 8000 series (saib cov lus 1).

Tus lej thib ob (xXxx), yog tias txawv ntawm 0, qhia txog kev hloov kho ntawm cov alloy tshwj xeeb, thiab tus lej thib peb thiab plaub (xxXX) yog cov naj npawb arbitrary muab los txheeb xyuas cov alloy tshwj xeeb hauv koob.Piv txwv li: Hauv alloy 5183, tus lej 5 qhia tias nws yog ntawm magnesium alloy series, 1 qhia tias nws yog 1.^stKev hloov kho rau tus thawj alloy 5083, thiab 83 qhia nws hauv 5xxx series.

Qhov tsuas yog qhov tshwj xeeb rau cov lej lej no yog nrog 1xxx series aluminium alloys (ntshiab aluminium) nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, 2 tus lej kawg muab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus txhuas feem pua ​​​​ntawm 99%, piv txwv li, Alloy 13.(50)(99.50% aluminium yam tsawg kawg nkaus).

WROUGHT ALUMINIUM ALLOY DESIGNATION SYSTEM

Table 1

Cast Alloy Designation- Cov txheej txheem cam khwb cia hlau yog ua raws li 3 tus lej-ntxiv rau tus lej lej xxx.x (ie 356.0).Thawj tus lej (Xxx.x) qhia txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov alloying, uas tau muab ntxiv rau cov txhuas alloy (saib cov lus 2).

CAST ALUMINIUM Alloy DESIGNATION SYSTEM

Rooj 2

Tus lej thib ob thiab thib peb (xXX.x) yog cov naj npawb arbitrary muab los txheeb xyuas cov alloy tshwj xeeb hauv koob.Tus lej tom qab tus lej lej qhia seb cov hlau puas yog casting (.0) lossis ib qho ingot (.1 lossis .2).Ib tsab ntawv sau ua ntej qhia txog kev hloov kho rau ib qho tshwj xeeb alloy.
Piv txwv li: Alloy – A356.0 lub peev A (Axxx.x) qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm alloy 356.0.Nr 3 (A3xx.x) qhia tias nws yog ntawm silicon ntxiv rau tooj liab thiab / lossis magnesium series.56 in (Ax56.0) txheeb xyuas cov alloy hauv 3xx.x series, thiab .0 (Axxx.0) qhia tau hais tias nws yog qhov kawg zoo casting thiab tsis yog ingot.

Aluminium Temper Designation System -Yog tias peb xav txog qhov sib txawv ntawm aluminium alloys, peb yuav pom tias muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv cov yam ntxwv thiab cov ntawv thov.Thawj qhov taw qhia kom paub txog, tom qab nkag siab txog kev txheeb xyuas qhov system, yog tias muaj ob hom sib txawv ntawm txhuas nyob rau hauv cov koob uas tau hais los saum no.Cov no yog Cov Kub Kub Khov Txhuas Txhuas (cov uas tuaj yeem tau txais lub zog los ntawm kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov cua sov) thiab Cov Tsis Kub Kub Kho Txhuas Txhuas.Qhov kev sib txawv no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb thaum xav txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm arc vuam ntawm ob hom khoom siv.

Lub 1xxx, 3xxx, thiab 5xxx series wrought aluminium alloys yog non-kub kho tau thiab yog strain hardenable nkaus xwb.Lub 2xxx, 6xxx, thiab 7xxx series wrought aluminium alloys yog cov cua sov kho tau thiab 4xxx series muaj ob qho tib si kub kho tau thiab tsis kub kho tau alloys.Lub 2xx.x, 3xx.x, 4xx.x thiab 7xx.x series cam khwb cia alloys yog tshav kub kho.Lub zog hardening feem ntau tsis yog siv rau cov castings.

Lub tshav kub kho tau cov alloys tau txais lawv cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho cua sov, feem ntau cov kev kho cua sov yog kev kho cua sov thiab Artificial Aging.Kev Kho Thaum Tshav Kub Kub yog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov cua sov ntawm cov hlau mus rau qhov kub siab (nyob ib ncig ntawm 990 Deg. F) txhawm rau muab cov khoom sib xyaw los yog cov khoom sib xyaw rau hauv kev daws.Qhov no yog ua raws li los ntawm quenching, feem ntau nyob rau hauv dej, los tsim ib tug supersaturated tov nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub.Kev kho cua sov feem ntau yog ua raws li kev laus.Kev laus yog nag lossis daus ntawm ib feem ntawm cov ntsiab lus lossis cov tebchaw los ntawm cov tshuaj supersaturated thiaj li yuav tau txais cov khoom tsim nyog.

Cov hlau tsis muaj cua sov kho tau txais lawv cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm Strain Hardening.Strin hardening yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias.T6, 6063-T4, 5052-H32, 5083-H112.

LUB SIJ HAWM TSEEM CEEB

Table 3

Ntxiv rau qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev npau taws, muaj ob pawg subdivision, ib qho hais txog "H" Temper - Strain Hardening, thiab lwm qhov hais txog "T" Temper - Thermally Treated designation.

Subdivisions ntawm H Temper – Strain Hardened

Thawj tus lej tom qab H qhia txog kev ua haujlwm yooj yim:
H1- Lim Hardened nkaus xwb.
H2- Lim Hardened thiab ib nrab Annealed.
H3- Strin Hardened thiab Stabilized.
H4- Cov tawv tawv tawv thiab lacquered lossis pleev xim.

Tus lej thib ob tom qab H qhia txog qib ntawm strain hardening:
HX2– Quarter Hard HX4- Ib nrab Hard HX6- Peb Lub Plaub Hlis Hard
HX8- Full Hard HX9– Ntxiv Hard

Subdivisions ntawm T Temper - Thermally Treated

T1- Ib txwm muaj hnub nyoog tom qab txias los ntawm cov txheej txheem kub siab, xws li extruding.
T2- Txias ua hauj lwm tom qab txias los ntawm kev kub siab shaping txheej txheem thiab ces ib txwm muaj hnub nyoog.
T3- Kev daws qhov kub-kho, txias ua haujlwm thiab ib txwm muaj hnub nyoog.
T4- Kev daws cov cua sov-kho thiab ib txwm muaj hnub nyoog.
T5- Artificially hnub nyoog tom qab txias los ntawm kev kub siab shaping txheej txheem.
T6- Kev daws cov cua sov-kho thiab cov hnub nyoog artificially.
T7- Kev daws cov cua sov-kho thiab stabilized (overaged).
T8- Kev daws cov cua sov-kho, txias ua haujlwm thiab cov hnub nyoog artificially.
T9- Kev daws cov cua sov kho, cov neeg laus laus thiab ua haujlwm txias.
T10- Txias ua hauj lwm tom qab txias los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias shaping txheej txheem thiab ces artificially laus.

Cov lej ntxiv qhia tau tias muaj kev ntxhov siab.
Piv txwv:
TX51sau TXX51- Kev ntxhov siab los ntawm kev ncab.
TX52sau TXX52- Kev ntxhov siab los ntawm compressing.

Aluminium Alloys thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv- Yog tias peb xav txog xya series ntawm wrought aluminium alloys, peb yuav txaus siab rau lawv qhov sib txawv thiab nkag siab txog lawv cov kev siv thiab cov yam ntxwv.

1xxx Series Alloys- (tsis yog-kub kho tau - nrog qhov kawg tensile lub zog ntawm 10 mus rau 27 ksi) series no feem ntau hu ua cov ntshiab txhuas series vim nws yuav tsum muaj 99.0% txhuas yam tsawg kawg nkaus.Lawv yog weldable.Txawm li cas los xij, vim lawv qhov nqaim melting ntau, lawv xav tau qee qhov kev txiav txim siab txhawm rau tsim cov txheej txheem vuam siv tau.Thaum txiav txim siab rau fabrication, cov alloys yog xaiv feem ntau rau lawv superior corrosion kuj xws li nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb chemical tanks thiab piping, los yog rau lawv zoo heev hluav taws xob conductivity xws li nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov tsheb npav.Cov alloys no muaj cov khoom siv tsis zoo thiab yuav tsis tshua pom zoo rau kev siv cov qauv siv dav dav.Cov alloys hauv paus no feem ntau welded nrog cov khoom sib txuam lossis nrog 4xxx muab tub lim nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab kev ua haujlwm.

2xxx Series Alloys- (kub kho tau - nrog qhov kawg tensile lub zog ntawm 27 mus rau 62 ksi) cov no yog txhuas / tooj liab alloys (tooj liab ntxiv ntawm 0.7 mus rau 6.8%), thiab muaj lub zog siab, kev ua haujlwm siab alloys uas feem ntau siv rau kev siv dav hlau thiab dav hlau.Lawv muaj lub zog zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.Qee qhov ntawm cov alloys no suav hais tias tsis yog-weldable los ntawm cov txheej txheem arc vuam vim lawv raug cuam tshuam rau kub tawg thiab kev ntxhov siab corrosion tawg;Txawm li cas los xij, lwm tus yog arc welded zoo heev nrog cov txheej txheem vuam kom raug.Cov ntaub ntawv hauv paus no feem ntau welded nrog lub zog siab 2xxx series muab tub lim tsim kom haum rau lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo, tab sis qee zaum tuaj yeem welded nrog 4xxx series fillers uas muaj silicon lossis silicon thiab tooj liab, nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab kev pabcuam.

3xxx Series Alloys- (tsis yog-kub kho tau - nrog qhov kawg tensile lub zog ntawm 16 mus rau 41 ksi) Cov no yog cov txhuas / manganese alloys (manganese ntxiv xws li 0.05 mus rau 1.8%) thiab muaj zog nruab nrab, muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion, zoo formability thiab haum. siv rau qhov kub siab.Ib qho ntawm lawv thawj zaug siv yog cov lauj kaub thiab lauj kaub, thiab lawv yog cov khoom tseem ceeb niaj hnub no rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv tsheb thiab cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob.Lawv lub zog nruab nrab, txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau txwv tsis pub lawv xav txog kev siv cov qauv.Lub hauv paus alloys yog welded nrog 1xxx, 4xxx thiab 5xxx series muab tub lim, nyob ntawm seb lawv cov chemistry tshwj xeeb thiab cov ntawv thov thiab cov kev pabcuam.

4xxx Series Alloys- (kub kho tau thiab tsis muaj cua sov kho tau - nrog lub zog tensile kawg ntawm 25 mus rau 55 ksi) Cov no yog cov txhuas / silicon alloys (silicon ntxiv xws li 0.6 txog 21.5%) thiab yog tib lub koob uas muaj ob qho tib si kub kho thiab tsis- Thaum tshav kub kub kho tau alloys.Silicon, thaum ntxiv rau txhuas, txo nws cov melting point thiab txhim kho nws fluidity thaum molten.Cov yam ntxwv no yog tsim nyog rau cov ntaub ntawv muab tub lim siv rau ob qho tib si fusion vuam thiab brazing.Yog li ntawd, qhov no series ntawm alloys feem ntau pom raws li cov khoom muab tub lim.Silicon, ntawm nws tus kheej hauv txhuas, tsis yog cua sov kho;Txawm li cas los xij, ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov silicon alloys tau tsim kom muaj ntxiv ntawm magnesium los yog tooj liab, uas muab lawv lub peev xwm los teb tau zoo rau kev kho cua sov.Feem ntau, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kho cua sov no tsuas yog siv thaum lub welded tivthaiv yuav tsum raug xa mus rau kev kho cua sov.

5xxx Series Alloys- (tsis muaj cua sov kho tau - nrog lub zog tensile kawg ntawm 18 txog 51 ksi) Cov no yog cov txhuas / magnesium alloys (magnesium ntxiv ntawm 0.2 mus rau 6.2%) thiab muaj lub zog siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj cua sov.Tsis tas li ntawd, cov alloy series no tau yooj yim weldable, thiab rau cov laj thawj no lawv tau siv rau ntau yam kev siv xws li kev tsim nkoj, kev thauj mus los, cov hlab ntsha siab, txuas hniav thiab cov tsev.Magnesium puag alloys feem ntau welded nrog muab tub lim alloys, uas yog xaiv tom qab txiav txim siab ntawm magnesium ntsiab lus ntawm lub hauv paus khoom, thiab daim ntawv thov thiab kev pab cuam tej yam kev mob ntawm lub welded tivthaiv.Alloys nyob rau hauv no series nrog ntau tshaj 3.0% magnesium tsis pom zoo rau siab kub kev pab cuam saum toj no 150 deg F vim hais tias ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm rau rhiab heev thiab tom qab susceptibility rau kev nyuaj siab corrosion cracking.Base alloys nrog tsawg dua li ntawm 2.5% magnesium feem ntau welded ua tiav nrog 5xxx lossis 4xxx series muab tub lim alloys.Lub hauv paus alloy 5052 feem ntau lees paub tias yog qhov siab tshaj plaws magnesium cov ntsiab lus hauv paus alloy uas tuaj yeem txuas nrog 4xxx series muab tub lim.Vim tias muaj teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog eutectic melting thiab cuam tshuam tsis zoo li-welded mechanical zog, nws tsis pom zoo kom siv cov khoom siv hauv cov alloy no, uas muaj cov magnesium ntau dua nrog 4xxx series fillers.Cov ntaub ntawv magnesium siab dua tsuas yog welded nrog 5xxx muab tub lim, uas feem ntau phim lub hauv paus alloy muaj pes tsawg leeg.

6XXX Series Alloys- (kub kho tau - nrog lub zog tensile kawg ntawm 18 txog 58 ksi) Cov no yog cov txhuas / magnesium - silicon alloys (magnesium thiab silicon ntxiv ntawm ib ncig ntawm 1.0%) thiab pom dav thoob plaws hauv kev lag luam vuam, siv feem ntau hauv daim ntawv ntawm extrusion, thiab incorporated nyob rau hauv ntau yam structural Cheebtsam.Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm magnesium thiab silicon rau txhuas ua ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm magnesium-silicide, uas muab cov khoom siv no nws lub peev xwm los ua cov tshuaj kho cua sov kom txhim kho lub zog.Cov alloys yog ib txwm solidification tawg rhiab heev, thiab vim li no, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav arc welded autogenously (tsis muaj cov khoom muab tub lim).Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov khoom muab tub lim kom txaus thaum lub sij hawm arc vuam txheej txheem yog qhov tseem ceeb txhawm rau txhawm rau muab cov khoom siv hauv paus, yog li tiv thaiv qhov teeb meem kub tawg.Lawv tau welded nrog ob qho tib si 4xxx thiab 5xxx muab cov ntaub ntawv, nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab kev pabcuam.

7XXX Series Alloys- (kub kho tau - nrog lub zog tensile kawg ntawm 32 txog 88 ksi) Cov no yog cov txhuas / zinc alloys (zinc ntxiv ntawm 0.8 mus rau 12.0%) thiab muaj qee qhov siab tshaj plaws aluminium alloys.Cov alloys no feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev ua haujlwm siab xws li dav hlau, aerospace, thiab cov khoom sib tw ncaws pob.Zoo li 2xxx series ntawm alloys, cov koob no suav nrog cov alloys uas suav tias yog cov neeg sib tw tsis zoo rau arc vuam, thiab lwm yam, uas feem ntau arc welded tiav.Feem ntau welded alloys nyob rau hauv no series, xws li 7005, feem ntau welded nrog 5xxx series muab tub lim alloys.

Cov ntsiab lus- Niaj hnub no aluminium alloys, ua ke nrog lawv cov tempers ntau, muaj ntau yam thiab ntau yam ntawm cov khoom tsim.Rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem vuam zoo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau cov alloys muaj thiab lawv ntau yam kev ua tau zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv weldability.Thaum tsim cov txheej txheem arc vuam rau cov hlau sib txawv no, kev txiav txim siab yuav tsum tau muab rau cov alloy tshwj xeeb raug welded.Nws yog feem ntau hais tias arc vuam ntawm aluminium tsis nyuaj, "nws tsuas yog txawv".Kuv ntseeg tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv no yog kom paub txog ntau yam alloys, lawv cov yam ntxwv, thiab lawv cov txheej txheem kev txheeb xyuas.